Annals of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research (ISSN 2994-7464) | Volume 2, Issue 1 | Review Article | Open Access DOI

Euglycemic Ketoacidosis: Etiologies, Pathogenesis, and Management

Roopa Naik*

Roopa Naik1*, Sreekant Avula2, Sujith Palleti3, Atul Bali4, Harkesh Arora5, Deepak Chandramohan6

1Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA

2University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

3Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA

4Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA

5Lovelace Medical Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

6University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA

*Correspondence to: Roopa Naik 

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Abstract

Euglycemic ketoacidosis (EKA) is a life-threatening emergency seen in diabetic and non-diabetic populations, such as individuals with chronic alcohol ingestion, starvation, pregnancy, and lactating women. More recently, an increasing incidence has been noted with the rising popularity of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for treating type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and kidney disease. This condition is characterized by euglycemia to milder degrees of hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketonemia. Near-normal glucose levels can often mislead clinicians, resulting in a delayed diagnosis and treatment of this potentially devastating metabolic condition with consequences ranging from hemodynamic instability and electrolyte disturbances to seizures and cerebral edema. The objective of our review is to describe and educate, in detail, all the common etiologies for euglycemic ketoacidosis in diabetic as well as non-diabetic patients.

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Citation:

Roopa Naik, Sreekant Avula, Sujith Palleti, Atul Bali, Harkesh Arora, Deepak Chandramohan. Euglycemic Ketoacidosis: Etiologies, Pathogenesis, and Management. Annal of Clin Med & Med Res. 2023;2(1):1-9.