Annals of Medicine Research and Public Health (ISSN: 2995-5955) | Volume 5, Issue 2 | Research Article | Open Access
Pranab Roy*
Pranab Roy1*, Surupa Basu1, Sangini Singh2, Ankita Saha2, Sneha Ghosh2, Riya Kumari2
1Institute of Child Health, Dept of Molecular Biology, India
2Haldia Institute of Technology, Dept of Biotechnology, India
*Correspondence to: Pranab Roy
Fulltext PDFThe Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system is a region of high degree of polymorphism which plays essentially central roles in immune recognition by regulating the presentation of antigens and also adaptive immune responses. Because of its broad genetic diversity, due to individuals likely suffering from autoimmune or infectious diseases, rather than having a normal immune response, it is an essential factor in present–day immunology and clinical medicine. This article gives an overview of the genomic structure of HLA complex Class I, II and III genes with a special focus on their biological function in immune regulation and furthermore the association of specific HLA alleles with the major autoimmune diseases, namely Spondyloarthritis, Behçet’s disease, Celiac disease and rheumatoid arthritis, and the diagnostic and prognostic importance of these HLA alleles. The study also analyzes the HLA typing technologies development from classic serological methods to novel advanced molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based techniques, Sanger sequencing and next–generation sequencing (NGS) that improves transplantation matching and overall accuracy of typing. The latest development in high–resolution sequencing and bioinformatics has enhanced the clinical utility of HLA analysis in precision medicine, immunotherapy and disease hazard assessment. By putting an emphasis on the overall importance of this topic in clinical practice and evolving technologies, it is possible to analyze HLA biology with more detail in personalized medicine and immunological research.
Immune regulation; Autoimmune diseases; Spondyloarthritis; Behçet’s disease; Celiac disease; Rheumatoid arthritis
Pranab Roy, Surupa Basu, Sangini Singh, Ankita Saha, Sneha Ghosh, Riya Kumari. HLA Genes and its Associated Genetic Disorders. Ann Med Res Pub Health. 2026;5(2):1-10.