International Clinical and Medical Case Reports Journal (ISSN: 2832-5788) | Volume 4, Issue 1 | Review Article | Open Access DOI

A Brief Review of Current Status of Diagnostic Techniques in Oral Carcinoma

Vandana K Dhingra^*

Vidhya K1, Dhingra VK1*, Mandal P2, Tyagi A3, Durgapal P4 and Manoj K Gupta5

1Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India

2Department of Nuclear physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India

3Department of ENT, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India

4Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India

5Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India

^*Correspondence to: Vandana K Dhingra 

Abstract

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) accounts for about 90% of Head and Neck Cancers (HNC), which are the seventh most common malignancy globally. The mucosal linings of the sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and mouth cavity are the primary site of these malignancies. Tobacco usage, excessive alcohol use, and infections like Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) are major risk factors. The five-year survival rate for HNC is still between 40 and 50 percent, despite improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This demonstrates the pressing need for innovative approaches for earlier detection and more successful treatment of this pathology. Imaging methods like 18F-FDG PET/CT are essential for lymph node assessment and tumour staging. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), the most common subtype of HNC, is often diagnosed at advanced stages, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Nuclear medicine techniques play a crucial role in improving diagnostics for OSCC.

Keywords:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); Diagnostic techniques; Nuclear receptors; PET-CT; Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB); Artificial intelligence (AI); Optical coherence tomography (OCT); Photoacoustic imaging (PAI); Machine learning (ML)

Citation:

Vidhya K, Dhingra VK, Mandal P, Tyagi A, Durgapal P, Manoj K Gupta. A Brief Review of Current Status of Diagnostic Techniques in Oral Carcinoma. Int Clinc Med Case Rep Jour. 2025;4(1):1-7.