International Clinical and Medical Case Reports Journal (ISSN: 2832-5788) | Volume 4, Issue 8 | Review Article | Open Access DOI
Oscar Miguel Oliva Meza-Hernández*
Oscar Miguel Oliva Meza-Hernández¹*, Elizabeth Cárdenas Anaya², Norma Alejandra Márquez Sáinz³, María Cristina Quevedo Villaseñor⁴, Héctor Luis Guillermo Macías Villa⁵, Cecilia Ramírez Angulo⁶, Alma Paola Alonso Bringas⁷
¹Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, ABC Medical Center Santa Fe, Mexico City, Mexico
²Pediatric Gastroenterology, ABC Medical Center Santa Fe, Mexico City, Mexico
³Neonatology, ABC Medical Center Santa Fe, Mexico City, Mexico
⁴Neonatology, ABC Medical Center Santa Fe, Mexico City, Mexico
⁵Pediatric Nephrology, ABC Medical Center Santa Fe, Mexico City, Mexico
⁶Pediatrics, ABC Medical Center Santa Fe, Mexico City, Mexico
⁷Pediatrics, ABC Medical Center Santa Fe, Mexico City, Mexico
*Correspondence to: Oscar Miguel Oliva Meza-Hernández
Fulltext PDFChloride (Cl-) is the most common anion in intracellular and extracellular fluid. It maintains acid-base balance, plasma oncotic pressure, osmolarity, the resting action potential, and carbon dioxide transport in erythrocytes. It keeps serum concentrations within a very narrow range through hormonal control by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and cortisol. In practice, we have rarely asked ourselves how to calculate the Cl- when we prescribing intravenous solutions to a patient, but we must remember that even a minor change in the Cl- concentration is enough to produce not only a profound alteration of the acid-base balance and thus adverse effects in practically any organ system, as explained by the Stewart model through the strong ion difference (SID), where the smaller the difference between cations and anions [(Na+, K+, Ca+ and Mg+) - (Cl- and lactate)], the higher the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] and therefore hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. The measured use of chloride solutions should guide medical conduct at the time of their administration.
Chloride; Hyperchloremia; Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
Oscar Miguel Oliva Meza-Hernández, Elizabeth Cárdenas Anaya, Norma Alejandra Márquez Sáinz, María Cristina Quevedo Villaseñor, Héctor Luis Guillermo Macías Villa, Cecilia Ramírez Angulo⁶, Alma Paola Alonso Bringas. Chloride: The Forgotten Ion. Int Clinc Med Case Rep Jour. 2025;4(8):1-12.