International Clinical and Medical Case Reports Journal (ISSN: 2832-5788) | Volume 3, Issue 2 | Systematic Review Article | Open Access DOI
Derek Ugwendum*
Derek Ugwendum1*, Ebad Ur Rahman2, Fatima Farah3, Sabastain Forsah1, Mona Mahmoud4, Divine Besong Arrey Agbor1, Kamran Zaheer3, Fomengia Joseph Nkeangu5, Akua Aboah Taylor1, Gauvain Kankeu Tonpouwo1, Nancelle Ndema1, Gaelle Umutoni Mihigo6, Madinabonu Burkhanova7, Abdarrahman Akhil8, Jay Nfonoyim1
1Dept of Internal medicine, Richmond University Medical Center, New York, USA
2Jobst Vascular Institute, Toledo, OH, USA
3Dept of Internal Medicine, Marshall University, West Virginia
4Dept of Cardiology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
5Dept of internal medicine, Rutgers Health-Jersey City Medical Center, New Jersey, USA
6American University of Antigua School of Medicine, Antigua and Barbuda
7Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland
8University of Toledo, Ohio USA
*Correspondence to: Derek Ugwendum
Fulltext PDFPolypharmacy has often been defined as the concomitant use of five or more drugs, and has been acknowledged as a significant threat to public health globally. Factors, including multi-morbidity and age, have been identified as the major drivers underlying polypharmacy, and have also been associated with a wider array of adverse health outcomes, alongside mortality. Particularly, chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at higher risk of polypharmacy. In addition to using potentially inappropriate drugs, there are several CKD risk factors and associated complications. As such, the objective of this systematic review is to evaluate polypharmacy in individuals with CKD and identify the adverse cardiovascular effects within this population. To achieve this objective, this systematic review will entail an in-depth search on various empirical databases, including Google Scholar, Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, as well as existent grey literature drawn from commencement onwards for the various observational studies that reported on polypharmacy in adults with CKD. All the full-text articles, extracted data, and citations were independently assessed by two reviewers, and the potential conflicts were resolved through consultations and discussions. The appraisal of the study methodological quality was further conducted using apt tools. The primary outcome for this systematic review will be the prevalence of polypharmacy in patients with CKD while the secondary outcome will be the adverse effects of polypharmacy on cardiovascular diseases. Random effects meta-analysis of the observational data may be conducted to effectively summarize polypharmacy pooled prevalence, and the existing correlation between polypharmacy and the adverse consequences. To approximate statistical heterogeneity, both Cochrane’s Q and I2 index will be utilized. Further analysis will be carried out with the objective of exploring the possible heterogeneity sources, including multi-morbidity, kidney replacement therapy, and sex/gender.
Polypharmacy; Chronic kidney disease; Cardiovascular disease; Glomerular filtration rate; Drug-drug interaction
Ugwendum D, Rahman EU, Farah F, Forsah S, Mahmoud M, Agbor DBA, et al. Polypharmacy in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease with Cardiovascular Disease Comorbidities. A Systemic Review. Int Clinc Med Case Rep Jour. 2024;3(2):1-14.