Annals of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ISSN 2835-7132) | Volume 5, Issue 5 | Original Article | Open Access DOI
Shailendra Singh*
Shailendra Singh1*, Deepanjali Kalra2, Himadri Joshi3, Rajvee Gohil3, Jay Adeshra3, Rakhi Arjariya3
1Department of Burns and Senior Plastic Surgery consultant, Zydus Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
2Department of Plastic Surgery, ESIC Hospital, India
3Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Smt NHL Municipal Medical College & S.V.P Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
*Correspondence to: Shailendra Singh
Fulltext PDFThe landscape of reconstructive surgery has transformed dramatically in the 21st century. Advances in digital technology, surgical instrumentation, perioperative care, and microvascular techniques have expanded the boundaries of what is surgically possible. Procedures once considered unfeasible-particularly complex or tertiary reconstructions-are now routinely performed with predictable outcomes.
Oncosurgical management has also evolved. Today, even extensive T4+ lesions and recurrent malignancies are excised and reconstructed using microvascular free flaps, enabling single-stage reconstruction. In contrast, during the early part of the century, most lower lip defects were managed with multistage pedicled flaps, often requiring prolonged treatment timelines. Modern free flap reconstruction allows earlier initiation of adjuvant radiotherapy and faster functional and social rehabilitation.
Pedicled flap; Free RAFF; Free ALT flap; Reverse forearm flap; Microvascular flaps; Lower lip reconstruction.
Shailendra Singh, Deepanjali Kalra, Himadri Joshi, Rajvee Gohil, Jay Adeshra, Rakhi Arjariya. Evolving Modalities in Lower Lip Reconstruction Over the Past Quarter Century: -A Comparative Case Report. Annal of Otol Head and Neck Surg. 2026;5(5):1-8.